The notion of a heaven for good people and divine judgement for evil people in an after-life goes back at least to the ancient era of the Mesopotamian religion of Mithraism, and probably much earlier. The Old Testament does not say much about the notion of a heaven except a place where God and angels dwell. Neither does it mention a place of retribution where humans could suffer for their sins for all eternity. The Hebrew word 'scheol' meaning the unseen state has been translated 'hell' in the Old Testament on 31 occasions.
The Christian belief in a hereafter necessitates that the embodiment of this lifetime experience be consciously carried forward into the afterlife. The 'soul' complete with the memory of the past life, is held responsible for actions and beliefs during that life. Sir James Frazer O.M. in his excellent book, "The Golden Bough" (page 153) tells us "the savage commonly explains the processes of inanimate nature by supposing that they are produced by living beings working in or behind the phenomena, similarly if a man or animal lives and moves, it can only be because he has a little man or animal inside who moves him. The animal inside the animal, the man inside the man is the soul". The Christian notion of the soul is extended, not only to give it a mind and responsibility of its own for which it can be punished at the supposed Judgement seat of God, but eternal life as well. As an ordinary human being, I reject the Christian religion, including heaven, hell and all kinds of devils or angels, as religious superstition. There is no supernatural being outside earthly experience. Society would do well to be rid of Paul's divisive and unhelpful doctrines.
Rational people must agree that the human brain is the storehouse of all our knowledge, attitudes, emotions and beliefs. Our brain is our only mental repository from which we draw all our reactions to the passing parade of life. It is the power house which gives us the ability to think, react, decide or choose. When we die, our mortal mental repository with its vast records of experience, knowledge, beliefs and memories must be lost and decay with the rest of our mortal bodies. The soul is not a separate entity with a mind and will of its own. There is no 'little person inside the person' who cannot die.
Surely this thing we call life is like a candle, lit at conception and extinguished at death. It is futile and irrational to imagine that the energy of the whole mind and body cannot be extinguished. I cannot see any evidence of an eternal flame of life applying to any other thing of nature. We cannot separate ourselves from nature as though we were governed by different laws- There is no reason why we should expect something special to happen to mankind which does not happen to all other occupants of nature. Nothing, yes, absolutely nothing lives forever. Every living thing dies and is returned to the earth to re-fertilise the soil for the nourishment of new and different life. For the human being, death is an eternal sleep, a state of oblivion and decay. I do not find this at all frightening but rather a peaceful conclusion to a completed life. The only thing that will continue after my death is my family and friends memory of what I have contributed to their lives.